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Starting A Career In SAP

January 20, 2007

[Updated Jun 2003]

Solution, Process and Role-Oriented Education
The new look of SAP Consulting Education incorporates the concept of PACE for developing the educational curriculum. The improved curriculum are based on the Generic Profile Maps, just as the SAP Solution Maps, it indicates what consulting knowledge is needed for implementation of SAP solutions. Instead of modules, consultants should apply their know-how in the form of business processes. This means that consultants must be able to carry out cross-module implementation. Check out http://www.sap.com/asia/education/ for more information.

SAP currently structures it’s training packages on three broad levels:

SAP provide an Application/Technical Academy, which they claim is the best route for those who do not have any SAP System know-how, who wish to gain knowledge and become a Certified Consultant for the SAP R/3 System.

Experienced, Non-Certified Consultants may take the exams directly, or supplement their knowledge with some alternative courses before taking the exams.

Other applicants can choose to do a standard course in one of the following areas:
Financial Accounting
Controlling
Sales and Distribution
Materials Management
Human Resource
Production Planning
ABAP Workbench

Many people have got their SAP careers kickstarted by obtaining certification beforehand. However, to quote Jon Reed, ‘the key to long-term success in SAP is to develop a career strategy that parallels SAP’s own evolution from “back-end” solution to “outward-facing” e-business architecture.’

From an article in SearchSap, he further comments on the merits of certification:

‘First of all, you don’t need to work for SAP directly in order to become an independent consultant. And if you’ve read my previous columns, you know that I think SAP certification is overrated. You need two things to succeed as an independent SAP consultant: You need a hot, niche skill, backed up by years of relevant, focused experience, and you need client references from multiple SAP projects. Judging from your background, it doesn’t seem like you have either one of those things. The good news is that it’s still possible, in some instances, to break into SAP consulting even if you’ve only worked on one SAP engagement. However, you do need a deep, focused niche. You must address this issue if you want to “go independent.” My suggestion would be to forget about certification and training, and start applying for SAP contracts right now. At this point, if you actually land a contract, that’s a bonus. What you’re really trying to do is get some feedback from hiring managers and find out where your skills fall short. It can be hard to get this kind of specific feedback – too often, the only reply you get is “no thanks,” but be persistent and try to get some feedback that helps you to identify the gaps in your background and figure out which of your skills are the most marketable. Once you determine that, you want to enhance/focus on the hottest skills you have. You might be able to do that within your current project, but if you hit a wall there, consider applying for a perm job at another SAP end client. Those kinds of jobs are out there right now – not in abundance, but they’re there. They aren’t lucrative, but your main goal is not money at this point anyway. Getting an additional project under your belt will give you more credibility and better prospects for future contract positions. Just do your best to choose a perm position that will build on your best skills.’

I believe he offers solid, proven advice. At the end of the day, what employers want is proven SAP experience, and that cannot be obtained solely by attending all the relavant SAP courses.

Further Reading

Advice from Jon Reed from SearchSap

> I’m planning to take a SAP course and came across a lot being offered. I would like to get your expert advice on which course to select. My background is that I have a college degree with double majors in Accounting and Management Information Systems. My knowledge of accounting is very solid. However, I’ve ended up working as a programmer in Cobol and Mainframe environment for 6 years. The SAP FI functional module seems to be very attractive to me but I really don’t know what to choose. I hope you will be able to help me out after knowing my background specifically. Your advice/input is most appreciated. Thank you and hope to hear from you!

This question posed on 25 July 2002

We’ve gotten several questions recently from folks with a combination of financial and IT experience who are trying to break into SAP. At first glance, that would seem like the perfect background for SAP, since successful SAP implementations require both heavy technical skills and strong business process knowledge. However, there are very few successful consultants out there who are 50% functional and 50% technical. We have seen that type of hybrid consultant succeed on smaller SAP projects, where everyone on the project wears many hats, but the bottom line is that there’s just too much ground to cover to stay current in both technical and functional areas at the same time. The ideal mix is something like 80/20 on either side, giving you just enough exposure to be able to interface with the other project teams. Your question seems to indicate that you are aware of this, and you’re trying to choose between functional and technical SAP work. Specifically, you want to either break into technical SAP work or the FI module.

It seems like you’re drawn to the FI work, but you’re not sure if you can pull off the transition from legacy programmer to FI specialist. In fact, this would have been a challenging transition even in the heyday of the SAP market. Right now, in such tight market conditions, that’s not going to easy to pull off. If you decide to try, you shouldn’t think of it as “breaking into FI,” you should think of it as “making a career transition from IT programmer to financial software specialist.” You should look at it as a five to ten year plan, and approach your transition as a long-term strategy with short-term benchmarks. If you look at it this way, you’ll see that SAP FI is only one way forward. There may be other ways of moving towards that same long term goal – for example, perhaps Microsoft’s Great Plains financial software acquisition is opening up new consulting opportunities you hadn’t considered.

But if we assume that you have your sights set on breaking into SAP, your best bet might be to stay technical, and get a perm mainframe programming job working for a major SAP client that is running a hybrid legacy/client-server/web-based IT infrastructure. In that case, you might be able to leverage your legacy expertise and get experience with real-time data integration over the web. This might lead you into Java and XML-related skills, and even if you never got specific SAP exposure, your new “hybrid” IT skills would position you better for the future. Over time, if you win the trust of your employer and make a major contribution to the project on the technical side, you might be able to get them to support a major career transition into the financials side of SAP. Just keep in mind, however, that as I’ve noted in another question this week, core SAP FI experience is also becoming less marketable, as FI becomes more of a back office commodity and less of an innovation. SAP is a moving target – often the best way to get involved is to anticipate where SAP is going next and meet it there. Don’t assume that what used to be hot will continue to be so.

Of course, I am not trying to imply that your previous accounting knowledge and degree is irrelevant. In the long run, it will give you an edge. I am only saying that in a tight market, hands-on project experience is the key to moving ahead. When the economy moves into more of a growth cycle, then more opportunities will open up and there will be more ways forward. Based on this outlook, before you make any serious moves you might want to have a talk with your current employer about your long term skills and career aspirations. It’s always good to try to get help from a company that already appreciates your contributions to date. Good luck!

Further resources
SAP Careers & Certification section at SearchSap.com
Futurestep
Other HR Links
Monster
JobsDB

Industry Solutions – SAP

October 20, 2006

Industry solutions are basically SAP’s approach to ‘tailor-making’ the basic ERP package to include best-of-breed solutions from specific industries.

Examples of industries with SAP industry solutions are the automotive, health, insurance, public sector, telecommunications, power, aerospace and defense etc.

See also SAP Industry Solutions Home

Validations And Substitutions in SAP

July 20, 2006

This article outlines some salient points in SAP’s implementation of validations and substitutions from a FICO perspective.

Indirect Assignment of Relationships

In addition to the organisation structure relationships that are directly defined in the Enterprise Structure / Assignment section of the IMG, there are further ways that one may need to define these relationships.  These definitions are still donein the IMG, but are buried in a module somewhere.  These are module specific: ie only required if one is using that module.

• Profit Centre Relationships
  
• Relationships created in CO-PA (Profitability Analysis)

Is there anything I have forgotten ? Note that pure master data relationships and account determination configuration is covered in other chapters.

Profit Centre Relationships

When one is using profit centre module and the various logistics modules, then one has to define the relationships in IMG / Enterprise Controlling / Profit Centre Accounting / Assignments to Profit Centres. However before we get too deep into that…

• If you are using SD and not using CO-PA (Profitability Analysis) either instead of or in addition to Profit Centres you should have a good business reason.  Please see my chapter on Profit Centres vs CO-PA for more information.
  
• If you are not using SD and using EC-PCA (Profit Centres) for Profit Reporting only, then I suggest you read my chapter on Profit Reporting
  

Relationships created in CO-PA (Profitability Analysis):

In CO-PA it is possible to ‘derive’ relationships for use in CO-PA.  This could be useful for groupings that are only required for CO-PA reporting. 

The derivation could be of entirely new elements or fields that are not being used elsewhere, or perhaps using an existing SAP field that is not being used by other modules.  The derivation can be based on any or a combination of fields in the data that is being passed to CO-PA.   A sophisticated example might be a derivation based on the SD Customer hierarchy.

It is not a good idea to try ‘overwriting’ values assigned in other modules as this would be confusing and complicate any reconciliation attempts.

See the configuration documentation on CO-PA for more information.  Note that there are ’standard derivations’ that the system does too.  We were talking here about creating new derivations.

Basic Asset Accounting Configuration

April 20, 2006

*Caution: article based on SAP ver. 4.0 is and to be used as guide only.

This article presents a very basic bare-bones asset accounting setup. It assumes familiarity with SAP configuration terms and concepts.

Setup company codes to be used for asset accounting.

1. Copy chart of depreciation. [Transaction EC08]

2. Set default tax codes for non-taxable transactions which require tax code. (Impt., errors often rise because this step is omitted)

3. Setup asset classes.

4. Set no posting to G/L for all classes except book depreciation (this is the typical setting)

5. Enable posting of unplanned depreciation and any other special postings (e.g. revaluation)

6. De-activate depreciation areas not required

7. Setup account assignments for all the asset classes. Note that the minimum accounts required are a balance sheet account for asset cost, for accumulated depreciation, and a P&L account for asset depreciation expense. [Transaction AO90]. Additional accounts that will be required are the gain/loss on sale and asset scrapping accounts. Note that more than 1 asset class can share the same account assignment.

8. Assign how depreciation posts to cost centers [Transaction OAYR]

9. Assign asset balance sheet A/Cs to profit centers if required [Transaction 3KEH]

10. Allow revaluation postings for selected company codes with revaluation [Transaction OAYR]

11. Run program RACHECK1 to eliminate inconsistencies between company code and asset management account data

12. Set document types for postings: (setting for transaction types). Suggested document types below:

AA Asset acquisition AS Asset disposal AT Asset transfer AX Asset reversal AF Asset depreciation [Transactions A071, OBA7]

13. Specify transfer of APC values [Transaction OABC]

14. Specify rounding of figures for net book value to nearest whole dollar [OAYO], table T093B

15. Setup depreciation keys as necessary: [Transactions AFAMA]

0000 No depreciation and no interest SLFD Str.line frm acq.value to 0 w/o int. frm start day

-Base method 11: Ordinary straight line using % from life to end of life

SLFM Str.line frm acq.value to 0 w/o int. frm start mth

-Base method 11: Ordinary straight line using % from life to end of life

16. Switch on only the required depreciation areas [Transaction OAYZ]

- Enter default depreciation keys for these 2 asset classes

17. Setup asset number ranges in production client [Transaction AS08]

Additionally, specify company independent number ranges that refer to a base company if necessary [Transaction AO11]

18. Check FI document number ranges for asset postings

19. Check that all asset G/L accounts have tax code and account groups correctly setup

20. Define screen layouts for each asset class as per user requirements

21. Set inter-co transfer methods (Maintain view [V_T093A_05])

Indicator: Transfer with historical values This indicator controls how the system treats transfers between affiliated companies. If this indicator is set, transfers in this depreciation area are not identified as acquisitions or retirements. Instead they are identified as transfers (particularly in the asset history sheet). In addition, posting of the transfer is gross (that is, with historical acquisition costs and depreciation).

Note:
This indicator has the affect described above only if it is used in combination with these two indicators in the definition of the transaction type: ‘post to affiliated company’ ‘gross’ Maintain view [V_T082I_01] for inter-company transfer settings

Optional-Revaluation Setup (Under special valuation section os AA IMG)

22. Set revaluation of cost and accumulated depn for all areas [OABW]

23. Define revaluation measures. (key, description, depreciation areas and posting data).

24. Specify G/L accounts for revaluation of asset acquisiton cost

25. Maintain transaction types for asset revaluation postings if necessary

The Best SAP Books Reviewed

January 20, 2006

If you found this website useful, please help support this site by purchasing your next SAP book through the Amazon links on this page.

Accounting Resources for FICO Professionals

October 20, 2005

The Big Five l
href="#associations">Associations
l Magazines and
Journals l href="#resource">Resource
Centre

href="#careers">Careers and Job
Search l href="#investments">Investments and
Personal Finance

The Big Five

The famous ‘Big Six’ became the big five with the merger of Coopers and Lybrand
and Price Waterhouse to form PricewaterhouseCoopers.

Andersen
target=_blank>http://www.arthurandersen.com/

Deloitte and Touche
target=_blank>http://www.deloitte.co.uk/

Ernst and Young
target=_blank>http://www.eyuk.com/

KPMG
target=_blank>http://www.kpmg.co.uk/

PricewaterhouseCoopers
target=_blank>http://www.pwcglobal.com/uk

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Associations

American Accounting Association
Promotes ‘worldwide excellence in accounting education, research and practice’.
Site includes information on membership, annual meeting dates, call for papers.
href="http://www.rutgers.edu/Accounting/raw/aaa/"
target=_blank>http://www.rutgers.edu/Accounting/raw/aaa/

Association of Accounting Technicians (AAT)
Professional body for accounting technicians. Site includes information on
membership, education and training scheme etc.
target=_blank>http://www.aat.co.uk

Association of Chartered Certified Accountants (ACCA)
Leading professional accountancy body.
target=_blank>http://www.acca.co.uk/

British Association of Accounting (BAA)
Includes the latest on BAA conferences and meetings.
target=_blank>http://www.bham.ac.uk/baa/

Chartered Institute for Public Finance and Accountancy (CIPFA)
One of the oldest of the professional accounting bodies in the country.
Site includes information on membership, conferences and meetings
and studying with CIPFA. You can also subscribe to the free CIPFA newsletter.
href="http://www.cipfa.org.uk/" target=_blank>http://www.cipfa.org.uk

Chartered Institute of Bankers (CIB) – now The Institute of Financial Services
(IFS)
Its aim is “to be the leading educational body in the financial services sector,
providing both vocational and professional qualifications, training and continuing
professional development (CPD) both in the UK and worldwide.”
target=_blank>http://www.cib.org.uk/index.html

The Chartered Institute of Management Accountants (CIMA)
Newspaper style layout providing practical information on exams, publications
and CIMA activities worldwide.
target=_blank>http://www.cima.org.uk/

Chartered Institute of Taxation (CIOT)
Leading body in the UK concerned solely with tax.
Site is split into 2 parts: Tax for the Beginner and Tax for the Expert.
target=_blank>http://www.tax.org.uk/

European Accounting Association (EAA)
Information relating to the association, its publications and its conferences.
href="http://www.eaa-online.org/"
target=_blank>http://www.eaa-online.org

Institute of Chartered Accountants of England and Wales (ICAEW)
href="http://www.icaew.co.uk/" target=_blank>http://www.icaew.co.uk/
The largest professional accountancy body in Europe. Its qualification,
which allows its members to call themselves Chartered Accountants and
to use the designatory letters ACA or FCA, is recognised around the world
as a prestigious business qualification. Site includes details about the institute,
membership and useful advance information about the technical content of
forthcoming exams.

Institute of Chartered Accountants in Ireland (ICAI)
href="http://www.icai.ie/" target=_blank>http://www.icai.ie/

Institute of Chartered Accountants in Scotland (ICAS)
href="http://www.icas.org.uk/" target=_blank>http://www.icas.org.uk/

Institute of Internal Auditors
” The primary body in the UK and Ireland representing, promoting and
developing the professional practice of internal auditing”.
target=_blank>http://www.iia.org.uk/

International Accounting Network
Provides a digital forum for the discussion of accounting, auditing and
related disciplines. href="http://www.csu.edu.au/anet/"
target=_blank>http://www.csu.edu.au/anet/

International Accounting Standards Board
The objective of the International Accounting Standards Committee (IASC)
is to achieve uniformity in the accounting principles that are used by businesses
and other organisations for financial reporting around the world.
href="http://www.iasc.org.uk/" target=_blank>http://www.iasc.org.uk/

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Magazines and Journals

A   B  href="#c">C  E  F   href="#i">I  J  M   href="#p">P  R

ABACUS (Blackwell)
Pacioli Society Journal
href="http://www.blackwellpublishers.co.uk/asp/journal.asp?ref=0001-3072"
target=_blank>www.blackwellpublishers.co.uk/asp/journal.asp?ref=0001-3072

Accountancy
Monthly magazine on all the industry news for finance and accountancy professionals.
target=_blank>http://www.accountancymag.co.uk/

Accountancy Age
Online information resources for business and finance professionals.
target=_blank>http://www.accountancyage.com/

Accounting Auditing and Accountability Journal
href="http://www.mcb.co.uk/cgi-bin/journal1/aaaj"
target=_blank>http://www.mcb.co.uk/cgi-bin/journal1/aaaj

Accounting & Finance (Blackwell)
Accounting Association of Australia & New Zealand
href="http://www.blackwellpublishers.co.uk/asp/journal.asp?ref=0810-5391&src=soc"
target=_blank>www.blackwellpublishers.co.uk/asp/journal.asp?ref=0810-5391&src=soc

Accounting Forum (Blackwell)
All aspects of accounting theory and practice
href="http://www.blackwellpublishers.co.uk/asp/journal.asp?ref=0155-9982&src=aim"
target=_blank>www.blackwellpublishers.co.uk/asp/journal.asp?ref=0155-9982&src=aim

Accounting Horizons (AAA)
Less rigourous than the Accounting Review with shorter articles and book reviews
href="http://www.rutgers.edu/Accounting/raw/aaa/pubs/horizons.htm"
target=_blank>http://www.rutgers.edu/Accounting/raw/aaa/pubs/horizons.htm

Accounting Review (AAA)
The major AAA house journal
href="http://www.rutgers.edu/Accounting/raw/aaa/pubs/review.htm"
target=_blank>http://www.rutgers.edu/Accounting/raw/aaa/pubs/review.htm

Behavioral Research in Accounting
href="http://hsb.baylor.edu/html/davisc/abo/bria/briahome.htm"
target=_blank>http://hsb.baylor.edu/html/davisc/abo/bria/briahome.htm

British Accounting Review (AP)
Journal of the British Accounting Association
target=_blank>http://www.academicpress.com/bar

The Company Accountant
A general accounting magazine including extensive texbook reviews
[no web page available]

Critical Perspectives on Accounting (AP)
Examines the critical, sociological and behavioural aspects of accounting
href="http://www.academicpress.com/cpa"
target=_blank>http://www.academicpress.com/cpa

European Financial Management (Blackwell)
href="http://www.blackwellpublishers.co.uk/asp/journal.asp?ref=1354-7798"
target=_blank>www.blackwellpublishers.co.uk/asp/journal.asp?ref=1354-7798

European Finance Review (Kluwer)
European Finance Association Journal
[no web page available]

Finance Journals
Directory of finance journals with links to home pages.
href="http://www.cob.ohio-state.edu/~fin/resources_research/rsjnl.htm"
target=_blank>http://www.cob.ohio-state.edu/~fin/resources_research/rsjnl.htm

Financial Accountability & Management (Blackwell)
href="http://www.blackwellpublishers.co.uk/asp/journal.asp?ref=0267-4424"
target=_blank>www.blackwellpublishers.co.uk/asp/journal.asp?ref=0267-4424

International Finance (Blackwell)
href="http://www.blackwellpublishers.co.uk/asp/journal.asp?ref=1367-0271"
target=_blank>www.blackwellpublishers.co.uk/asp/journal.asp?ref=1367-0271

International Journal of Accounting (JAI)
International Accounting
href="http://www.elsevier.nl/inca/publications/store/6/2/0/1/7/9/index.htt"
target=_blank>http://www.elsevier.nl/inca/publications/store/6/2/0/1/7/9/index.htt

International Journal of Auditing (Wiley)
href="http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/jtoc?ID=6204"
target=_blank>http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/jtoc?ID=6204

International Review of Finance (Blackwell)
href="http://www.blackwellpublishers.co.uk/asp/journal.asp?ref=1369-412X"
target=_blank>www.blackwellpublishers.co.uk/asp/journal.asp?ref=1369-412X

International Journal of Finance & Economics (Wiley)
href="http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/browsepjsu?SUBJECT=Business,%20Finance%20%26amp;%20Management#A"
target=_blank>www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/browsepjsu?SUBJECT
=Business,%20Finance%20%26amp;%20Management#A

International Journal of Intelligent Systems in Accounting,
Finance & Management (Wiley)
href="http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/browsepjsu?SUBJECT=Business,%20Finance%20%26amp;%20Management#A"
target=_blank>www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/browsepjsu?SUBJECT
=Business,%20Finance%20%26amp;%20Management#A

Issues in Accounting Education (AAA)
href="http://www.rutgers.edu/Accounting/raw/aaa/pubs/issues.htm"
target=_blank>http://www.rutgers.edu/Accounting/raw/aaa/pubs/issues.htm

Journal of Accounting Abstracts
Electronic compendium of abstracts of working papers and
accepted papers being published by the Accounting Research Network (ARN).
href="http://hsb.baylor.edu/html/davisc/abo/reporter/summer96/abstract.htm"
target=_blank>http://hsb.baylor.edu/html/davisc/abo/reporter/summer96/abstract.htm

Journal of Accounting and Computers
Provides a forum for the exchange of ideas concerning the use of
computers in accounting education.
href="http://www.swcollege.com/acct/jac/jac.html"
target=_blank>http://www.swcollege.com/acct/jac/jac.html

Journal of Accounting Education (Elsevier)
href="http://www.elsevier.nl/inca/publications/store/8/4/0/index.htt"
target=_blank>http://www.elsevier.nl/inca/publications/store/8/4/0/index.htt

Journal of Accounting & Public Policy (Elsevier)
href="http://www.elsevier.nl/inca/publications/store/5/0/5/7/2/1/index.htt">http://www.elsevier.nl/inca/publications/store/5/0/5/7/2/1/index.htt

Journal of Business Finance & Accounting (Blackwell)
A major British journal
href="http://www.blackwellpublishers.co.uk/asp/journal.asp?ref=0306-686X"
target=_blank>www.blackwellpublishers.co.uk/asp/journal.asp?ref=0306-686X

Journal of Corporate Accounting & Finance (Wiley)
href="http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/browsepjsu?SUBJECT=Business,%20Finance%20%26amp;%20Management#A"
target=_blank>www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/browsepjsu?SUBJECT
=Business,%20Finance%20%26amp;%20Management#A

Journal of Finance (Blackwell)
Journal of the American Finance Association
href="http://www.blackwellpublishers.co.uk/asp/journal.asp?ref=0022-1082"
target=_blank>www.blackwellpublishers.co.uk/asp/journal.asp?ref=0022-1082

Journal of Futures Market (Wiley)
href="http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/browsepjsu?SUBJECT=Business,%20Finance%20%26amp;%20Management#A"
target=_blank>www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/browsepjsu?
SUBJECT=Business,%20Finance%20%26amp;%20Management#A

Journal of International Financial Management & Accounting (Blackwell)
International aspects of Financial Management & Accounting
href="http://www.blackwellpublishers.co.uk/asp/journal.asp?ref=0954-1314"
target=_blank>www.blackwellpublishers.co.uk/asp/journal.asp?ref=0954-1314

Management Accounting Research (AP)
CIMA Journal (Chartered Institute of Management Accountants)
href="http://www.academicpress.com/mar"
target=_blank>http://www.academicpress.com/mar

Public Money & Management (Blackwell)
Public sector accounting & finance
href="http://www.blackwellpublishers.co.uk/asp/journal.asp?ref=0954-0962"
target=_blank>www.blackwellpublishers.co.uk/asp/journal.asp?ref=0954-0962

Review of Quantitative Finance & Accounting (Kluwer)
[no web page available]

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Resource Centres

Accounting Professionals Resource Centre
The first directory for accounting professionals on the web, including links
to associations, firms, publishers and courses.
target=_blank>http://www.kentis.com/

Accounting WEB
The award winning internet community for accountancy professionals, includes
discussion, news and searchable directory of over 2,000 accountancy firms
in the UK.
href="HTTP://www.AccountingWEB.co.uk:80/cgi-win/runwin.exe?SIFT.906625658:HOME_TOP:218630551:"
target=_blank>HTTP://www.AccountingWEB.co.uk:80/cgiwin/runwin.exe?SIFT.906625658:HOME_TOP:218630551:
Site also allows you to search for a job.
href="http://www.arthurandersen.com/website.nsf/content/Careers?OpenDocument"
target=_blank>http://www.arthurandersen.com/website.nsf/content/Careers?OpenDocument

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